(1772-1801) German writer. Pseudonym of Friedrich Leopold, Freiherr von Hardenberg. Novalis is considered the founder of Romanticism. His works include: Hymnen an die Nacht (1800; Hymns to the Night, 1889), Heinrich von Ofterdingen (published posthumously, 1802), Geistliche Lieder (Religious Songs, 1799); the essay Die Christenheit oder Europa (Christendom or Europe, published posthumously, 1826), and more.

Aquarium - Norvalis House
"Friedrich von Hardenberg (1772-1801), known as NOVALIS, is the most important representative of the early romantic period in Germany. He died too early to implement his extensive plans and to summarise his manifold thoughts and research results. His works remained fragmentary." Read more.

Hymns to the Night
Download Novalis's best-known work or read it on the screen. Links to the German version.

Hymns to the Night
"Although the cryptic diction and syntax of Hymns to the Night make it an extremely difficult work to try to translate, there have been a few attempts to render it in English. The text at this site is a revised version of a 1897 translation by the Scottish writer George MacDonald." Read more about him...

International Novalis Society
Its headquarters is located in the manor in Wiederstedt where Novalis was born. The sie provides information (in German and in English) about the society's exhibitions, readings, lectures, excursions, and related publications.

Novalis (1772-1801)
Poem "Es färbte sich die Wiese grün" in English translation be Leon Malinofsky.